Some clients become more real and show their plight becoming credible source of information and aspire others to support the group. Surpassing interpersonal interaction by providing support, reassurances, giving suggestions and sharing of problems creates a feeling of being part of a larger society than the one were before. This promotes the clients morale and self esteem in return. A client receiving from others feels that others do value and appreciate him likewise the client giving out feels he or she has something important to give out. Group’s members also can give advice to each other although not beneficial in content it serves a purpose in that it shows caring and interest about one another (Vinogradov, Yalom, 1989, p.34).Īnother Yalom’s therapeutic factor is altruism which means giving without expecting to receive. The therapist can impart the information by directly advising them on their illness and ineffective thought patterns or by sharing the effectiveness of the group therapy for their psychological transformation. Psycho education is much more preferred since it offers operational instruction or alternative suggestions on achieving an objective effectively. Didactic instruction or advice giving which is used to explain a process of illness, transfer information and change thought patterns by the facilitator is usually discouraged. Imparting of knowledge or psycho educating clients includes giving of advice, suggestions or instructions to by group therapists. Therapists should help the clients develop universal group of experience by showing them their similarities in their issues and creating sense connection. The clients begin to share and appreciate each other creating trust, openness and healing amongst themselves. Knowing that you share the same problem with others creates sense of relief.
Universality helps clients to understand that they are not alone in their hurting, misery or in their psychological problems. This should be communicated well in time to clients by conducting early group sessions emphasizing on positive expectations, counseling of pessimistic members. A client who sees transformation among group members and believes by therapist in the therapy process gains faith with it. Faith brings about therapeutic effectiveness in individual healing. Instillation of hope to group members is crucial as the clients will be optimistic that success, change and resolution are all possible in the group. Group therapists are responsible for creating good and contusive environment for effective interaction of group members unlike individual therapists who are less facilitative because they feed their clients with support, feedback and interpretations. They are useful to group therapy facilitators for better understanding of the group therapy process. Each of these factors has a specific purpose and impact a certain psychological change. The sociology of sport will be able to shed more light on all of these issues when theory informs more of the research in this subfield.Yolam’s curative factors include instillation of hope, universality, imparting information, altruism, the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group, development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis, and existential factors. The inequality that characterizes society's relations of gender and race is found in sport as well. While sport may be integrative at the higher political levels, it has not been so at the interpersonal levels of gender and race.
The role of sport in international relations and national development dramatizes the political meaning of sport to many societies. The latter focusses on the evolution of sport from a playful, participation-oriented activity to one that resembles a corporate form guided by the principles of commercialism and entertainment. The functional, conflict, and cultural studies perspectives are reviewed, with additional discussion on how sport relates to the processes of socialization and social change. Sport is a very prominent social institution in almost every society because it combines the characteristics found in any institution with a unique appeal only duplicated by, perhaps, religion.
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